Technique

Battery type

Advantages

Drawbacks

Discharge test

All battery system

Easy and accurate

Offline, time intensive, loss of energy

Voltage Based Estimation

Lead, Lithium, Zn

Easy

Long rest time, offline

Coulomb Counting

All battery system

Online, easy

Needs re-calibration point

Kalman Filtering

All battery system

Online, Dynamic

Computationally intensive, Needs a suitable battery model

Neural Network

All battery system

Online

Need training data of similar battery